And in the year fourteen hundred and seventy-one of the GREEKS (A.D. 1160), the son of JOSCELYN, the prisoner, used to go out from HARIM continually and plunder the country of ALEPPO like a thief. And NUR AD-DIN laid an ambush for him, and caught him, and he was deposited in the cave wherein his father had been placed.
And in the year five hundred and fifty-five of the ARABS (A.D. 1160), on the second day of the third month, in the month of 'ADHAR (MARCH), the Khalifah MUKTAFI died of the disease of angina, and his son MUSTANJID reigned after him. After MUKTAFI his son MUSTANJID [ruled] twelve years. When his father was dead this man rose up to go into the place where the dead body was laid. And his father's wife, that is to say, the mother of his young brother, who was a Turkish woman, prepared her handmaidens, and they took knives and were ready to kill MUSTANJID when he went in, so that the kingdom might come to the younger son. And one of the women went out and informed MUSTANJID. And he collected soldiers (or, scouts), and he captured his brother and bound him in fetters and imprisoned him. And he also attacked those women, and he shut up each one of them in a certain place apart, and he killed whichever he pleased. And the Khalifate was confirmed on him and he was proclaimed.
And in the year fourteen hundred and seventy-two of the GREEKS (A.D. 1161), SIR (SIRE) AMORI (AMAURY), the brother of the king of JERUSALEM, went to the country of EGYPT; and the FRANKS seized great riches (or, treasure) and went away. And after a short time FAIZ, the Khalifah of EGYPT, died. And in connexion with this the EGYPTIANS undertook to give tribute to the FRANKS every year one hundred and sixty thousand gold dinars. And GEORGE, the king of the IBERIANS, sallied forth and captured [328] the great city of 'ANI from the TURKS, and he took great spoil, and very many Arab prisoners, and returned to his own country.
And the Amir JAMAL AD-DIN, who was in MAWSIL, now he was a most merciful man and his alms were abundant, sent the MAPHRIAN IGNATIUS as an envoy to GEORGE to buy (i.e. ransom) the Arab prisoners. And he went and was received honourably, and a large number of prisoners were given to him for nothing. And he was sent [by him] with gifts to the lord of MAWSIL, and he also sent with him an Iberian envoy at his own expense. And when they came and arrived in MAWSIL the governor went forth to meet them. And the MAPHRIAN and the envoys went in to MAWSIL with crosses hanging on the heads of their spears. And there was consolation both for the Christians and the ARABS, because of the freeing of the prisoners. And in [that] year there was a certain FRANK who was a robber in BAGHRAS, and because the FRANKS wanted to seize him, he fled and went to NUR AD-DIN; and he took TURKS and came to plunder the country of ANTIOCH. And the FRANKS laid an ambush for him and captured him and burned him in the fire.
And in the year fourteen hundred and seventy-three of the GREEKS (A.D. 1162), in the month of the FIRST TESHRIN (OCTOBER), DHU'L-KARNEN, the governor of MELITENE, died, and his son, who was a child, rose up after him. And Sultan KELEJ 'ARSLAN of ICONIUM, seeing that YA'KUB 'ARSLAN and the rest of the Amirs wished to dismiss him and appoint his brother, went to CONSTANTINOPLE, and he was honoured greatly by the GREEKS. And he remained there eighty days, and twice each day food was sent to him in vessels of silver and gold without [his being obliged] to send back the vessels, all of which were left with him; and two meals were sent to him in other vessels which were new. And on the last day, when the king and the Sultan reclined at the same table, all the vessels and the table decorations were given to the Sultan, together with the other gifts which were given to him and to the one thousand TURKS who were with him. And when the Sultan went out YA'KUB 'ARSLAN was afraid, and he humbled himself before him and there was peace. And at [this time] when STEPHEN, the brother of TOROS, the governor of CILICIA, was bidden to a feast with ANDRONICUS the GREEK, the governor of TARSOS, [329] he was found to have been killed and [his body was] lying by the gate of the city. Then TOROS became furiously angry with the GREEKS, and he killed more than ten thousand of them. And the king of JERUSALEM came and made peace between the ARMENIANS and the GREEKS.
And in the year fourteen hundred and seventy-four of the GREEKS (A.D. 1163), KARA 'ARSLAN, the lord of the fortress of ZAID, encamped against 'AMID, and he made cruel war on it. And afterwards dissension broke out among his troops, and he left and departed. And YAK'UB 'ARSLAN also went to his own country, and he took the fortress of SHUMUSHKI, and he carried away into captivity about one hundred thousand souls, and he left the village deserts. Then the piout 'IGNATIUS of TELLA OF ARSENIUS was carried off captive as far as KAMAH, and being released he came to MELITENE. And the saint of the fortress of ZAID was seized, and after two days they let him go free. At [that] time the wife of PRAYNS, who had been captured and shut up in ALEPPO, quarrelled with her son and did not want him to reign. And being vexed by the opposition of the nobles she sent to the king of the GREEKS, who was her son-in-law, to come, and she handed over ANTIOCH to him. And when the Patriarch and the nobles perceived this they sent and brought TOROS from CILICIA. And he went into ANTIOCH, and drove the queen out of the city, and confirmed her son in the kingdom.
And in [this] year, which is the year five hundred and fifty-eight of the ARABS (A.D. 1162), NUR AD-DIN collected a numerous army of TURKS, and went and encamped against the Citadel of the KURDS ('AKRAD), pretending that he intended to go in and take the country of TRIPOLIS. And one day, at the time of noon, when the Turkish people were lying in ease and comfort in their tents, the crosses of the FRANKS burst upon them, and terror fell upon the TURKS. It is said that when NUR AD-DIN saw the banners of the FRANKS he jumped up and went out from his tent, in his agitation, without his tunic (or, coat of mail). And he leaped on his horse, which was tethered [close by] according to custom. Then a KORD came and cut the tetherings of the horse, and NUR AD-DIN fled and saved himself. And the FRANKS pursued the KURD and killed him. And they destroyed many of the TURKS and put them in fetters, and they captured spoil and went into TRIPOLI.
And in the year fourteen hundred and seventy-five of the GREEKS (A.D. 1164), YA'KUB 'ARSLAN died suddenly on the river KANGAR (SANGAR), which is on the banks of the [330] river 'ALIS. And there rose up in his place ISMA'IL, the son of his brother's son, and he took to wife the wife of YA'KUB 'ARSLAN, who was the daughter of the Sultan. And NUR AD-DIN encamped against HARIM. Then were gathered together five governors, PRAYNS of ANTIOCH, and the Count of TRIPOLI, and TOROS of CILICIA, and the GREEK Duke of TARSOS, and the MAISTIR (MAISTRE) of the FRIRE (Freres); and with them there were about thirteen thousand horsemen and footmen. And they came and engaged in battle with NUR AD-DIN, and the FRANKS were badly broken. And the Count, and the Duke, and PRAYNS were captured and carried into ALEPPO, and all the Freres were killed, and TOROS escaped to ANTIOCH. And the Patriarch of the FRANKS made a great lamentation, and he broke the bellringers (or, bells) and stopped the prayers. And NUR AD-DIN took HARIM and DAlRA SEM'AN of the GREEKS, and he made the monks slaves together with the inhabitants of the whole country.
In this year, which is the year five hundred and fifty-nine of the ARABS (A.D. 1163), NUR AD-DIN sent 'ASAD AD-DIN SHIRKUH, the brother of NAJAM AD-DIN 'AYUB, the father of SALAH AD-DIN, to EGYPT. For these two brothers, SHIRKUH and 'AYUB, the sons of SHADI, were from the district of DAWIN, a city of ARMENIA, and were KURDS by race. And they were in the service of MAJAHID AD-DIN BAHRUZ, the eunuch, the Amir of TAGRIT, who was a lover of the Christians. And SHIRKUH having killed a certain Christian of TAGRIT, who was greatly beloved by the Amir, the two brothers fled to ZANGI in MAWSIL, and he received them and they prospered [whilst] they were with him. And when ZANGI took B'ELBAK he appointed NAJAM AD-DIN 'AYUB governor in its Citadel; and when ZANGI was killed, NAJAM surrendered the fortress to the lord of DAMASCUS. And 'ASAD AD-DIN SHIRKUH, his brother, was in the service of NUR AD-DIN, and he gave him EMESA and RAHBUTH. And 'AYUB also helped, and he surrendered DAMASCUS to NUR AD-DIN, and they lived with him in great honour. And when the occasion demanded that he should send troops to EGYPT, for the EGYPTIANS were helpless, and SHAWIR, the Wazir of EGYPT, came and begged for assistance, he saw that SHIRKUH was the better [man], and he sent him [331] with SHAWIR.
And having departed together and arrived in EGYPT, SHAWIR knew from the actions of SHIRKUH that he was anxious to remove sovereignty (or, the kingdom) from the EGYPTIANS. Therefore he sent and made peace with the FRANKS. He paid no attention to SHIRKUH, and he did not give him any of the gold and the famous towns which he promised him. Then SHIRKUH sent his armies and took the city of BULBAIS. And SHAWIR sent and brought the king of JERUSALEM with a numerous army of FRANKS. And SHIRKUH went and made his position very strong in BULBAIS. And the EGYPTIANS allied themselves with the FRANKS, and they attacked SHIRKUH in BULBAIS, and they shut him up therein for three months. And when the report concerning the FRANKS came, that they had been broken and taken prisoners, near HARIM, the king of JERUSALEM sent to SHIRKUH and persuaded him to go forth in peace and to depart to his own country and leave EGYPT to its lords. And SHIRKUH agreed to this readily, and he went forth and departed to DAMASCUS.
And in the year fourteen hundred and seventy-six of the GREEKS (A.D. 1165), KELEJ 'ARSLAN, Sultan of ICONIUM, reigned over GADUG and'ABLESTIN, and TURANDA, and he began to persecute the sons of DANISHMAND. And NUR AD-DIN reigned over BANYAS and he fortified it strongly. And TOROS the ARMENIAN pillaged MAR'ASH and captured four hundred TURKS. And he sent to NUR AD-DIN, saying, 'If thou wilt not sell the Christian chiefs who are with thee, I will burn them all in the fire'. Then NUR AD-DIN was compelled [to sell], and he sold every one who was with him, and also the young man PRAYNS, for one hundred thousand dinars. And BOHAIMOND PRAYNS, having escaped, went to the king of the GREEKS, whose son-in-law he was, in CONSTANTINOPLE, and much riches (or, money) was given to him, and he came to ANTIOCH, and brought with him the Greek Patriarch whose name was ATHANASIUS. And the Patriarch of the FRANKS was offended at this, and he went out and sat in the fortress of KUSAIR, and he sent out excommunications to the FRANKS of ANTIOCH.
And in this year, in the month of SHEBHAT (FEBRUARY), AMIN AD-DAWLAH the son of TALMIDH, a Christian physician, died in BAGHDAD at the age of ninety years. This man was learned in many sciences, but in his time he stood alone in the art of healing. And he was equally skilled in the art of rhetoric, and in the grammar of the ARABS, and in their poetry, [332] he was not inferior to anyone of their eminent men. During the whole period of his life he lived in affluent circumstances, and in the honour [which was paid to him] by kings. It is related that when he was dying his son said unto him, 'What is it that aileth thee?'And he replied, 'The greatness of these ninety years'. And again his son asked him, 'What dost thou desire?'And he replied, 'That I desire'.
And in the year fourteen hundred and seventy-six [of the GREEKS, A.D. 1165] we heard [the following] wonderful story from the sons of the city of 'ALINAS. When there was a plague in this year in GRUPIA, there was present in that place a certain TURK, and he said unto the people, 'See ye: who was the first person to die of this plague?' And when they knew [who it was] they opened his grave, and they found that after four months his body had not suffered corruption. And his eyes were unclosed, and his mouth was open about one span and four fingers, and the cloth in which his head and breast were swathed was undamaged, and the parts of his beard round about his jaws and chin were shaved as with a razor, and his right arm which came straight down from the shoulder was by his side. Then that TURK brought together (i.e. closed) his mouth, and he drove into it a large peg, and from that day no other man died.
And in the year fourteen hundred and seventy-seven [of the GREEKS, A.D. 1166], MANUEL, the king of the GREEKS, during the war with the BULGARIANS, was wounded, and fell from his horse. And when a certain BULGARIAN stood up over him to kill him, MANUEL informed him that he was the king, and with many strong oaths he promised great gifts to him that had taken him prisoner if he would carry him to CONSTANTINOPLE. And the BULGARIAN believed him and brought him to the city; and the king fulfilled his promise, and added thereto. And it is related that some time MANUEL acted, deceitfully towards the queen because she did not bear him a child, and that he killed her with poison. And he took another wife, which it is illegal for a king to do.
And in the year fourteen hundred and seventy-eight of the GREEKS (A.D. 1167), which is the year five hundred and sixty-two of the ARABS (A.D. 1166), NUR AD-DIN sent the Amir 'ASAD AD-DIN SHIRKUH, and SALAH AD-DIN, his brother's son, a second time to EGYPT. And because SHIRKUH was greatly inclined and anxious [to go], he arrived in EGYPT with a few footmen. And he crossed the river NILE to the western bank, and he advanced as far as the country of the SA'ID (i.e. UPPER EGYPT). Then SHAWIR, the Wazir [333] of EGYPT, sent for the FRANKS. Thereupon many armies of the FRANKS and of the EGYPTIANS made ready, and they also crossed over to the western bank in pursuit of SHIRKUH. Then the nobles who were with him advised him, saying, 'No other means is left to us except to cross over to the eastern bank, and to go again to SYRIA, because we are wholly without the strength to cope with all these [forces]. And if we meet them in battle we shall undoubtedly know that defeat is nearer to us than victory. And moreover, what place for refuge (or, retreat) shall we have? For behold the peasants, and the soldiers, and all the natives of this country are our enemies.
Then one of the slaves of NUR AD-DIN, whose name was BUNGUSH, a brave and warlike young man, said unto them, 'Believe [me], O all ye nobles, that if ye do not meet the enemy in battle now ye will have to go to NUR AD-DIN [either as] the victors or as the vanquished--and there will have to be on your part a full explanation to him. And he will cut off your rations, and he will withdraw from you what ye have been in the habit of eating for a long time. For he who trembles at the prospect of fighting is not a soldier of the king's, but is a field labourer, or he should dwell with the women in the houses.' And when SHIRKUH heard these [words] he said, 'I myself am also of the same opinion'. And then they all wished to engage in battle, and the EGYPTIANS and the FRANKS came to an agreement quickly, and then, though unwilling, they met in battle.
Then SHIRKUH placed SALAH AD-DIN, his brother's son, and all his valuables, in the middle of the battle array, so as to make their number appear larger. And he commanded them, saying, 'The FRANKS and the EGYPTIANS think that I myself am in the middle, and they will direct the whole of their strength (or, forces) against you. Now, do not contend against them too vigorously, but little by little turn your backs towards them. And do not be afraid that they will pursue you, because I myself shall be behind them.' And when the battle line was being set in order, SHIRKUH selected for himself certain trained hunting men, on whom he could rely because of their strength and endurance in the stadium. And when the FRANKS and EGYPTIANS met them in battle, those who were in the middle turned their backs, and the FRANKS and the EGYPTIANS pursued them, and then SHIRKUH pursued the pursuers, and the fugitives turned back and the EGYPTIANS and the FRANKS were caught in the midst, and a smashing defeat overtook them; [334] and he who escaped slaughter fled. It is said that those who were with SHIRKUH were only two thousand in number, and that the FRANKS and the EGYPTIANS were ten thousand [in number]. Then SHIRKUH marched against ALEXANDRIA, and he took it without fighting.
Then the EGYPTIANS and the FRANKS gathered together in the city of KAHRAH (CAIRO), and they sent to SHIRKUH and asked for peace. And he agreed on condition that fifty thousand dinars should be given to SHIRKUH to go to his own country, and that ALEXANDRIA should be restored to the EGYPTIANS, and that one hundred thousand dinars should be given yearly to the FRANKS, and that they should return to their own country. But they were to have an officer and horsemen [stationed] as guards at the gates of ALEXANDRIA, lest they should be prevented from passing through the town by the partisans of NUR AD-DIN. Thus SHIRKUH left and went to DAMASCUS.
And in this year KARA 'ARSLAN, the lord of the fortress of ZAID, went against AMID, and through the treachery of the watchmen he became master of two towers. But those who were inside gained the upper hand, and they killed those who had gone up into the towers. And KARA 'ARSLAN was ashamed, and he returned to his own country in sorrow and disgrace. A little later, on the seventeenth day of the month of TAMMUZ (JULY), he died, and his son rose up (i.e. succeeded him).
And in the year fourteen hundred and seventy-nine [of the GREEKS, A.D. 1168], TOROS, the governor of CILICIA, died in the month of KANON (DECEMBER). He was a monk at the time of his death, and he commanded that his youngest son, a boy, should rise up in his place, and that THOMAS, the son of his aunt, should be his administrator. And he deprived his brother MALIH wholly of [his]inheritence. Then was MALIH angry, and he went forth to NUR AD-DIN, and received from him an army of TURKS, and attacked CILICIA. And he took sixteen thousand youths, and maidens, and men and women, and monks, and bishops, and carried them to ALEPPO. And he sold them to the merchants and gave the price paid for them to the TURKS who were with him. Then the ARMENIANS sent and summoned him to them, and they gave him one-half of the country; and he swore to them that the other half should remain to the young [governor]. And then he broke the oath and took possession of the whole country, both the fortresses and towns; And he put out the eyes of many of the bishops and governors, and cut off their hands and feet, and others he flayed alive and cast their bodies to the wild animals.
And in this year, which is the year five hundred and sixty-three (A.D. 1167) of the [335] ARABS, ZAYN AL-DIN, the Turkish Amir who was the director of affairs of KUTB AD-DIN, the lord of MAWSIL, being old and deaf and blind, handed over the countries which were under his rule to KUTB AD-DIN, that is to say, SHIGHAR, and HARRAN, and the fortress of HAKARIAH, and TAGRIT, and SHAHARZUR. And he left to himself nothing except 'ARBIL, because this was his from the time of the 'ATABAG ZANGI. And he departed thereto and in it he died. And his son, MUTAFAR AD-DIN succeeded him, and MUJAHID AD-DIN became his director of affairs. It is said concerning this ZAYN AL-DIN that he was a Turkish Amir, and to his justice, and almsgiving and generosity there was no end. And though he was the most astute of men, he exhibited simplicity. Now, one of the horsemen came to him, and he had in his hand a horse's tail, and he pretended that his horse was dead. And ZAYN AL-DIN gave the order and [another] horse was given to the horseman, who took the tail and went away and gave it to another horseman. And he also came to ZAYN AL-DIN and pretended that [his] horse was dead. And ZAYN AL-DIN commanded and gave him also [another] horse. And in this way the tail passed from hand to hand, and twelve horsemen brought that tail to him; and he gave the twelfth man a horse. And unto the last man he said, "Why are ye not as much ashamed of me as I am of you? Behold, twelve times this self-same tail hath been before me, and I recognized it. But I wished that ye should not be ashamed and that ye should keep your self-respect, and that my gift should come to you without subjecting you to any burden, whilst I added to my beneficence, even as one who discharged a liability.' And a certain poet came to him and began to read before him some metrical compositions. And ZAYN AD-DIN replied, 'I do not know what thou art saying, but I do know that thou art begging for something'. And he commanded that there should be given to him five hundred gold dinars, and a horse and raiment with five hundred others.
And in the year fourteen hundred and eighty of the GREEKS (A.D 1169), KELEJ 'ARSLAN, the Sultan of ICONIUM, took CAESAREA of CAPPADOCIA and SIMNADU from the sons of DANISHMAND. And in the year, which is the year five hundred and sixty-four of the ARABS (A.D. 1168), NUR AD-DIN took KAL'AH DHE JA'BAR from SHEHAB AD-DIN, the Ma'dian Amir, from the sons of 'UKAIL, and gave him SERUGH, and MALAHTA, and BAB BUZA'AH, and twenty thousand dinars. And when he was once [336] in SERUGH certain of his friends asked him, 'Where now art thou happier; here or there?' And he replied, 'Here there is much money; but we have left honour in KAL'AH'. And in [that] year Sultan KELEJ 'ARSLAN took the city of 'ANKURA (ANCYRA) and KANKAR from the GREEKS.
And at that time the FRANKS who were stationed in EGYPT and in ALEXANDRIA to collect the gold of the tribute and to keep guard over the gates, sent to 'AMORI, king of JERUSALEM, saying, 'This country is empty of troops, and ye could easily take possession of it'. And though all the nobles wished to set out, the king in his wisdom restrained them, saying, 'Behold, the whole of the gold of EGYPT is gathered together with us. If we attack EGYPT, the ARABS in their hatred of us, and inclining more to NUR AD-DIN [than to us], will send and fetch him. And we shall have on our hand war with those who are within and those who are without, and we are incapable of undertaking this.' Now the nobles were not convinced by the advice of the king, but they said, 'We will go and take possession of EGYPT, before it is possible for NUR AD-DIN to muster his troops to come'. And thus their king was defeated, and they collected their troops and departed hurriedly. And they took the city of BULBAIS, and plundered it, and they carried away its inhabitants as captives. And they came and encamped against KAHRAH (CAIRO) and MESRIN. Now the EGYPTIANS being afraid lest what had happened to the people of BULBAIS should happen to them also, encouraged each other, and they manned the walls, and they fought the FRANKS bravely and steadily. And 'ASAD, the Khalifah of EGYPT, cut off the plaits of hair of his wives and daughters, and sent them to NUR AD-DIN and said, 'Behold these! My wives are sighing, and weeping, and groaning, and are entreating thee to come to their help and to deliver them from the hands of the FRANKS.' And NUR AD-DIN spent about two months in collecting troops, and whilst he tarried, the war against EGYPT grew fiercer. SHAWIR, the Wazir of EGYPT, sent to 'AMORI, and to the nobles of the FRANKS, and said; 'Ye know my debt to you, and if I knew that the ARABS would agree that I should hand over EGYPT to you, I would hand it over to you immediately. But [337] I know that if they heard concerning me anything of this kind, they would without the least hesitation destroy me. But this [plan] I see is better, that is to say, that ye should take as much gold as ye wish and depart to your own country, and that ye should be your own deputies and collectors of tribute with us as formerly. And do not let NUR AD-DIN come and take possession of EGYPT, for in that case ye would neither receive country nor tribute.'
And when the FRANKS heard these things they made peace on the condition that one thousand thousands of dinars should be given to them. And SHAWIR gave them one hundred thousand dinars straightway, and he said, 'If ye will leave the country and depart I will collect the rest [of the dinars] and send [them to you]'. And thereupon the FRANKS left and departed to their own country.
Now when NUR AD-DIN heard that the FRANKS had departed from EGYPT, he did not stop the dispatch of troops, for it was not his object to do good to the EGYPTIANS, but to rule over them. Therefore he commanded SHIRKUH to place himself at the head of the army and to set out, and [to take] with him SALAH AD-DIN, his nephew. And SHIRKUH having gone to CAIRO went into the presence of the Khalifah 'ASAD, and was honoured by him. Because the whole administration was in the hands of SHAWIR, the Wazir, the Khalifah put SHIRKUH off with vain words, and he gave no refreshment either to him or to those who were with him. On the contrary, he was plotting to make a feast for 'ASAD AD-DIN, and to capture him and his brother's son by guile, but the son of SHAWIR prevented him. And SALAH AD-DIN was plotting to kill SHAWIR, and his uncle SHIRKUH prevented him. And one day when SHAWIR went according to custom to SHIRKUH he could not find him, because he had gone to receive a blessing at the tomb of one of the Rabbis or their Faith. And on that occasion SALAH AD-DIN was riding with him, and as they were talking together, he suddenly threw himself off his horse and gripped [SHAWIR], but because he could not do so without the command of his uncle, he was unable to kill him. And having made known to his uncle [that it was SHAWIR] he said, 'We cannot do anything without the command of the Khalifah'. And when they made this known to the Khalifah 'ASAD, he urged them to kill him, because there did not remain with the Khalifah any authority whatsoever over SHAWIR. And thus SHAWIR was killed, and his house was plundered, and SHIRKUH himself became [338] Wazir in his place. And he was also called 'King', and 'Captain of the Host', for the Wazirs of EGYPT were called by these names. And when SHIRKUH had lived two months only in his office of Wazir, he died of the disease of strangury, and his brother's son, SALAH AD-DIN, the son of NAJAM AD-DIN 'AYUB, rose in his place. And by the generosity of his gifts he made all his troops his friends, and he ruled over EGYPT.
And to 'ASAD AD-D1N SHIRKUH there remained one son whose name was NASIR AD-DIN, and EMESA belonged to him and his sons. And his brother NAJAM AD-DIN 'AYUB had six sons. The first was SHAMS AD-DAWLAH TURAN SHAH, who ruled over ALEXANDRIA. The second was SHAH EN SHAH, the father of 'EZ AD-DIN FARUKH SHAH, and of TAKI AD-DIN 'OMAR, and to him and his sons HAMATH belonged. The third was SAIF AL-ESLAM TUGHTAKIN, who ruled over the South. The fourth was SALAH AD-DIN YUSIF, who reigned over EGYPT, and PALESTINE, and SYRIA and BETH NAHRIN. The fifth was MALIK 'ADIL ABU BAKR, who succeeded SALAH AD-DIN. The sixth was TAJ AL-MULK TURI, who died when SALAH AD-DIN was encamped against ALEPPO.
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